Kuvirisa uye kuibva kwemafetereza emuchadenga inzira yakaoma.Kuti uwane yakanakisa composting mhedzisiro, zvimwe zvekutanga zvinofurira zvinhu zvinoda kudzorwa:
1. Carbon kune nitrogen ratio
Inokodzera 25:1:
Iyo yakanakisisa ye aerobic compost raw material ndeye (25-35): 1, iyo fermentation process ndiyo inokurumidza, kana aerobic yakanyanya kuderera (20: 1), kubereka kwe microorganisms kuchadziviswa nekuda kwekushaya simba.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuora kunononoka uye kusakwana, uye kana masanga echirimwa akakurisa (kazhinji (6080): 1), zvinhu zvine nitrogen zvakaita semupfudze wevanhu nemhuka zvinofanirwa kuwedzerwa, uye chiyero checarbon-nitrogen chigadziriswe 30: 1 inobatsira kune microorganisms.Zviitiko zvinokurudzira kuparara kwe organic matter mucompost uye kupfupisa nguva yekuvirisa.
2. Hunyoro hwemukati
50% ~ 60%:
Hunyoro chinhu chakakosha parameter mukuita manyowa.Zviitwa zvehupenyu hweMicrobial zvinoda kugara uchizadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuti utore mvura kuchengetedza yakajairika metabolism.Microorganisms inogona kungotora zvinonyungudika, uye compost zvinhu zvinogona kupfava nyore mushure mekutora mvura.Kana iyo yemvura iri pamusoro pe80%, mamorekuru emvura anozadza mukati mezvimedu uye anofashukira mukati me-inter-particle gap, kuderedza porosity ye stack uye kuwedzera kupikisa gasi uye gasi kutakurwa kwehuwandu, zvichikonzera nharaunda anaerobic stack iyo. inhibits Kuitwa kwema aerobic microorganisms hakukonzeri kuvirisa kwe aerobic fermentation ine hunyoro hwezvinhu huri pasi pe40%, izvo zvinowedzera nzvimbo yepore yemurwi uye kuwedzera kurasikirwa kwemamorekuru emvura, zvichikonzera kuunganidzwa kwekushomeka kwemvura mumvura. , iyo isingaiti kune basa rehutachiona uye inokanganisa kuvirisa.Mumafetireza, mvura yakawanda inogona kuwedzerwa kumashanga ezvirimwa, masawdust, uye fungus bran.
3. Oxygen content
8%~18%:
Iko kudiwa kweokisijeni mucompost kune hukama nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakaumbwa mucompost.Iyo yakawanda organic matter, iyo inowedzera kushandiswa kweokisijeni.Kazhinji, kudiwa kweokisijeni panguva yekugadzira manyowa kunoenderana nehuwandu hwecarbon dioxide.Icho chiitiko chekuora che aerobic microorganisms uye chinoda mhepo yakanaka.Kana kufefetera kusina kunaka, utachiona hweaerobic hunodzivirirwa uye manyowa anokura zvishoma nezvishoma.Kana mhepo yemhepo yakanyanyisa, kwete chete mvura uye zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zviri mucompost zvicharasikirwa zvakanyanya, asiwo zvisikwa zvichange zvakasvibiswa zvakasimba, izvo zvisingabatsiri kuunganidza humus.
4. Tembiricha
50-65°C:
Muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzira manyowa, tembiricha yemurwi inowanzova pedyo nekupisa kwe ambient.Kupisa kwecompost kunokurumidza kupiswa ne-mesophilic bacteria kwemazuva 1 kusvika ku2, uye kutonhora kwemurwi kunosvika 50 kusvika 65 ° C, iyo inowanzochengetwa kwemazuva mashanu kusvika matanhatu.Kuti uuraye mabhakitiriya epathogenic, mazai ezvipembenene, uye mhodzi dzeuswa, kuwana zviratidzo zvisingakuvadzi, uye kuita dehydration mhedzisiro, tembiricha inozodzikiswa kusimudzira shanduko yezvinovaka muviri uye kuumbwa kwehumus.Kunyanya kuderera tembiricha kunowedzera nguva yekukura kwecompost, nepo tembiricha yakanyanya (> 70 ° C) inodzivirira kukura kwezvipembenene mucompost uye zvinotungamira kudyiwa kwakanyanya kweiyo organic zvinhu uye yakawanda yeammonia volatilization, iyo. kunokanganisa kunaka.manyowa.
5. pH
pH6-9:
PH ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kukura kwehutachiona.Kazhinji, ma microorganisms akakodzera kana pH isina kwayakarerekera kana zvishoma alkaline.Kunyanya kukwira kana kuderera pH kukosha kuchakanganisa kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwecompost.Yakapfuma mu cellulose uye mapuroteni.Iyo yakakwana pH kukosha kwezvipfuyo nehuku mupfudze yaive pakati pe7.5 ne8.0, uye substrate degradation rate yaive ingangoita 0 apo pH kukosha yaive iri pasi kana kuenzana ne5.0.Kana pH≥9.0, mwero wekuora we substrate wakadzikira uye kurasikirwa kweammonia nitrogen kwaive kwakakomba.Iyo pH kukosha ine yakakosha pesvedzero pane microbial chiitiko uye nitrogen yemukati.Kazhinji, iyo pH kukosha kweiyo mbishi inodiwa kuve 6.5.Iyo yakawanda yeammonia nitrogen inogadzirwa mu aerobic fermentation, iyo inowedzera pH kukosha.Iyo yese yekuvirisa maitiro iri munzvimbo ine alkaline ine yakakwira pH.Huwandu hwepH hunowedzera kurasikirwa kwenitrogen, uye kukosha kwepH kunofanirwa kutariswa mukuvirisa kwefekitori nekukurumidza.
Dzvanya kuti uverenge Chikamu 1.
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Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-07-2022