Kompositi imwe mhandoorganic fetereza, iyo ine hupfumi hwakawanda, uye ine yakareba uye yakagadzikana fetiraiza mhedzisiro.Zvichakadaro, inosimudzira kuumbwa kwevhu yakasimba zviyo, uye inowedzera kugona kwevhu kuchengetedza mvura, kupisa, mhepo, uye fetiraiza.Uyezve, manyowa anogona kusanganiswa nemakemikari manyowakupa kukanganisa kwechimwe chekudya chiri mumakemikari fertilizer, izvo zvingaomesa ivhu uye kuderedza kushanda kwemvura uye kuchengetedza fetiraiza nekushandiswa kwenguva refu.Naizvozvo, munhoroondo, manyowa agara achikosheswa neindasitiri yekudyara.
1.Nzira yekuita compost?
Kazhinji, manyowa anogadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka nezvirimwa (zvakadai semashanga ezvirimwa, sora, mashizha, peat, marara, uye mamwe tsvina, nezvimwewo) sechinhu chikuru chakaviriswa uye chakaora pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya uye hunyoro. Nekuti zvinhu zvekugadzira manyowa nemisimboti, uye kuumbwa kwayo uye zvimiro zvefetereza zvinongedzo zvakafanana nendove, saka inodaidzwa zvakare semupfudze wepapurazi rekugadzira.
Kompositi ine nhoroondo yakareba kwazvo, uye nzira yayo yekugadzira ine anotevera matanho:
1.Kuunganidza zvinhu zvakasvibirira: unganidza tsvina yekudyara yemunharaunda (yakadai semashanga, mizambiringa, sora, mashizha akadonha emiti), kugadzirwa kana marara epamba (zvakadai sedhaka redziva, kuronga marara, nezvimwewo), uye tsvina inobva mumvura yegungwa (Somuenzaniso, mupfudze wezvipfuyo, kugeza mvura yetsvina, nezvimwewo) zvinounganidzwa uye kushandiswa sezviya zvinogadzirwa kugadzira manyowa;
2. Raw material processing: zvakakodzera kupwanya mashanga emiti, madzinde, matavi, nezvimwewo, woapwanya muhurefu hwe 3 kusvika ku5 inches.
3. Kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa: Zvinhu zvose zvakabikwa zvakasanganiswa zvakanaka, uye vamwe vanhu vachawedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwecalcium cyanamide kuti isimudzire kuviriswa kwayo.
4. Kompositi nekuvirisa: Kufukidzwa nemameti akapwanyika, mamvemve, mashanga kana machira epurasitiki kudzivirira kurasikirwa nefetireza, uye kuiswa mushedhi yecompost ndiyo yakanakisa.Kana pasina dhidhi rekugadzira manyowa, kuita manyowa anovhurika mhepo kunogonawo kusarudzwa, asi nzvimbo yakakodzera inofanira kusarudzwa kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwefetereza nekuda kwezuva, mvura nemhepo.
5. Kusandura compost kuita kukura: Kuti muone kuti manyowa avirisa zvakaenzana uye aora mukati nekunze, manyowa anofanira kuchinjwa kwemavhiki matatu kusvika mana ega ega.Mushure memwedzi mitatu, unogona kutanga kuishandisa.
2.Kuita sei manyowa zvakanyanya?
Kompositi inogona kukamurwa kuita nzira mbiri: yakajairika composting uye yakakwirira-tembiricha composting.Yekutanga yakauya nekuvirisa tembiricha, uye iyo yekupedzisira ine yakakwirira pre-fermentation tembiricha.
Normal composting ndiyo nzira yekugadzira manyowa yakagamuchirwa neindasitiri yekudyara kwezviuru zvemakore.Tinodaidza iyo "tsika yechinyakare composting nzira".Nenzira iyi, iyo inotora kusanganisa kwakapfava, kuiswa kwekugadzira, uye kuviriswa kwechisikigo, kunogona zvakare kunzi "waterlogged composting".Iyo yese yaizotora nguva yakareba kwazvo, nekunhuhwirira kwakanyanya panguva yekuvirisa, uye kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwekudya.Saka iyi haisiriyo nzira yemazuva ano yekugadzira manyowa yatinotevedzera izvozvi.
Murwi wecompost uri pamufananidzo uyu wakanyanya kurongeka, uri padyo nepurazi kana bindu rine nzvimbo yakashama zvishoma, nekukweva pamusoro pemupfudze, mashanga, nezvimwewo uye zvakaturikidzana panzvimbo imwe chete.Mune imwe nzvimbo, inoda kurongedzerwa kwemwedzi yakati wandei isati yashandiswa.
Pakuvirisa kwepamusoro-kupisa, kuvirisa kunowanzodiwa.Kuvirisa kwepamusoro-kupisa kwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakasanganiswa kunokurudzira kuvirisa nekukurumidza uye kukura kweiyo fermentation substrate, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kuuraya utachiona hwemukati, mazai ezvipembenene uye sora. mbeu .Iyi ndiyo nzira yakarurama yekugadzira compost ikozvino, uye zvakare chikamu chinotsanangurwa zvakadzama munyaya ino.
Sekusarudzwa kwezvivakwa, kune nzira mbiri dzepamusoro-tembiricha composting: semi-gomba stacking nzira uye pasi stacking nzira.
Iyo semi-gomba stacking nzira ikozvino yashandurwa kuita tangi yekuvirisa mushure mekugadzirwa kwefekitori, iyo inobatsira mukushanda kwemichina uye inovandudza kushanda kwayo.
Iyo yepasi stacking nzira inodawo kubatanidzwa kweakasiyana compost michina yekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
Iwe unogona kuona kuti yemazuva ano organic composting yakatosiyana neyechinyakare nzira:
| Traditional compost | High tembiricha composting | |
| Raw material | Ndove, mashanga, marara, peat | Ndove, mashanga, marara, peat |
| Fermentation agent | Kazhinji haina kuwedzerwa | Wedzera zvakakosha inoculants yekuvirisa |
| Mamiriro emwenje | Chiedza chakananga chechisikigo, chiedza chezuva | Kazhinji vane awnings |
| Kufurira kwakasikwa | Mhepo nemvura, tembiricha yepamusoro uye tembiricha yakaderera | Chete tembiricha yakaderera inokanganisa |
| Nitrogen, Phosphorus uye Potassium Maintenance | Kurasikirwa kwakakomba | Kunyatsochengetedzwa |
| Kuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu | Kunyanya kuchengetedza | Kunyatsochengetedzwa |
| Humus kuchengetedza | Yakaumbwa zvishoma | Kunyanya kuumbwa |
Iyo inotevera tafura yekuenzanisa inoratidza misiyano zvakanyanya intuitively:
Izvo zviri pamusoro apa kuenzanisa kwakajeka kwemaitiro e "organic compost" anogadzirwa nenzira mbiri, asi kwete yakazara.Asi tichiri kuona musiyano wacho.Chokwadi, zviri kwauri kuti utonge kuti ndeipi nzira iri nani.
Tinogonawo kuwana kubva patafura kuti zvinhu mbishi zvinoshandiswa mukuvirisa zvakangofanana.
Nyaya yacho ndeyokuti mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira, nzira yekuwedzera yekupisa yakagadzirisa zvakawanda.Panogona kuva nekusanganiswa kwakawanda kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvekugadzira manyowa: semuenzaniso, manyowa ezvipfuwo, gasket zvinhu, uye zvakasara zvekudya zvinosanganiswa uye zvakaputirwa;madzinde ezvirimwa, mupfudze wegirinhi, sora nezvimwe zvirimwa zvinosanganiswa nevhu, tsvina yevanhu, marara, nezvimwewo….…
Stacking zvinodiwa: Sanganisa marudzi ese emhando yezvigadzirwa zvakaenzana sezvinobvira;iyo general compost windrow urefu ndeye 80-100 cm;unyoro hwemukati hausi pasi pe35% uye kwete kupfuura 60%;chengetedza kunaka kwemhepo.
Nheyo yekutanga: Shandisa mabhakitiriya e-aerobic pakuvirisa kwakasimba, nekukurumidza kuodza zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu, gadzira diki mamorekuru ekudya uye humus, uye gadzira akasiyana ma microbial metabolites panguva imwe chete, ayo anobatsira kudyara kunwisa, kudzivirira midzi uye kuvandudzwa kwevhu. .
Maitiro muchidimbu: kuongorora (kupwanya) -kusanganisa-kuvirisa (kushandura murwi) -kukura-(modulation) -yakapedza chigadzirwa.Kuenzaniswa nemamwe maitiro ekugadzira, maitiro aya ari nyore.Iyo yakakosha tekinoroji poindi ndeye "fermentation (kushandura murwi)".
Kuviriswa kwecompost kune hukama zvakanyanya nehutachiona hwekuvirisa, tembiricha, hunyoro, nguva, mhando, saizi, uye nguva yekutenderedza yekuvirisa substrates.
Tawana mamwe matambudziko kana kusanzwisisa mukushanda chaiko kwemasaiti akawanda ekuvirisa, uye isu tichasarudza mashoma mapoinzi akakosha ekugovana newe:
- Fermentation agent: Kwete chero kuvirisa kwaigona kugadzira tembiricha yepamusoro ndiyo "yakanaka yekuvirisa mumiririri".Mushonga wekuvirisa unoshanda unongoshandisa mhodzi yebhakitiriya iri nyore, uye mhando imwe chete kana 2 yemabhakitiriya ekuvirisa ndiyo iri kushanda.Kunyangwe ichigona kuburitsa yakanyanya tembiricha mhedzisiro, ine yakaderera inoshanda mukuora uye kukura kwezvimwe zvinhu, uye iyo composting mhedzisiro haina kunaka.Naizvozvo, iyo yakakodzera yekuvirisa mumiriri ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo!
- Raw materials sieving: Nekuda kwezvakasiyana siyana zvekuvirisa zviwanikwa, zvinogona kunge zvine matombo, simbi, girazi, mapurasitiki uye mamwe akawanda.Naizvozvo, nzira yekusefa inofanirwa kupfuudzwa kusati kwagadzirwa compost.iyo sieving process inofanirwa kuve yakakosha kuti uone kudzivirira kukuvara kwemunhu uye kukuvara kwemidziyo, uye mhando yepamusoro yechigadzirwa.Mukuita basa rekugadzira, zvidyarwa zvakawanda zvekugadzira "zvinofunga kuti idambudziko", uye ndokugura maitiro aya, uye pakupedzisira zvichikonzera kurasika.
- Humidity zvinodiwa: kwete pasi pe40%, kana yakakwirira kudarika 60%.Nekuti humidity yakakwirira kudarika 60%, haibatsiri pakurarama uye kubereka kwehutachiona hweaerobic.Vagadziri vazhinji havatarise zvakanyanya kutonga kwemvura, izvo zvinotungamira mukutadza kwekuvirisa.
- Fermentation turning compost: Vagadziri vazhinji havatendereri mhepo kana murwi wekuvirisa wasvika 50-60 ℃ panguva yekuvirisa.Uyezve, “nyanzvi” dzakawanda dzinotungamirira vatengi vavo nokutaura kuti “kazhinji, kuvirisa kunofanira kuva pamusoro pe56 ℃ kwemazuva 5-6, uye tembiricha yakakwirira ye50-60 ℃ kwemazuva gumi ichakwana.”
Chaizvoizvo, pane kukurumidza kuvirisa kusati kwaitwa panguva yekuvirisa, uye tembiricha icharamba ichikwira nekukasira, kazhinji ichipfuura 65°C.Kana manyowa akasashandurwa panguva ino, compost yemhando yepamusoro haigadzirwe.
Saka kana tembiricha yemucompost yasvika 60 ℃, manyowa anofanira kushandurwa.Kazhinji mushure memaawa gumi, tembiricha yemucompost ichasvika iyi tembiricha zvakare, zvino inoda kushandurwa zvakare.Mushure mekupfuura neka4 kusvika ku5 nguva, apo tembiricha mune yekuvirisa reactor inoramba iri pa45-50 ℃, uye isingachasimuke.Panguva ino, kutendeuka kwecompost kunogona kuwedzerwa kwemazuva mashanu ega ega.
Zviripachena, hazvigoneke kushandisa manpower kugadzira yakawanda kudaro yecompost.Izvi hazvidi chete kuwanda kwevashandi uye nguva, kugadzirwa kwecompost effect hakuna kunaka.Naizvozvo, isu tichashandisa yakazvipira yekutendeuka muchina kushanda.
3.Nzira yekusarudza aorganic compost inoshandura muchina?
Kune mahombe emhando dzemakompositi ekutenderedza michina: mugero compost turner uye inozvifambisa compost turners.Trench compost turner inoda nzvimbo yakakosha uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya, chimiro chakaomarara uye mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira.Besides izvo, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemhepo yekuwedzera, zvinozotungamira mukutadza kuvirisa.
Kuzvifambisacompost turnerskunyanya iyo straddle-type compost turner, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvezvino-propelled compost turners ndechekuti ivo vakanyanya kufambira mberi kupfuura mamwe marudzi.
Basa rayo rinoshanda rakakwirira kwazvo, asi kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera.Zvichakadaro, kushanda, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa zviri nyore uye zviri nyore, izvo zvinogona kuchengetedza mari yakawanda uye nguva.Ivo vanovimba nemavhiri avo ega kana matiraki kuti afambe achiyambuka mamhepo akaturikidzana, uye hydraulic kana bhandi drive rollers kana rotary tiller pazasi pefuselage kutenderedza mirwi.Mushure mekutendeuka, mhepo itsva inoumbwa, uye iri mumhepo ine fluffy uye yakasununguka, ichigadzira yakanaka aerobic mamiriro ekuvirisa kwezvinhu, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira mukugadzirwa uye kuviriswa kwe organic compost.
Semugadziri ane ruzivo rwecompost turner,TAGRMyakatanga inodhura-inoshanda organic compost turner zvinoenderana nehunhu hwekugadzira compost uye izvo chaizvo zvinodiwa nevatengi:M3600.Iyo ine 128HP (95KW) injini yepeturu, track yesimbi yakafukidzwa nerabha inodzivirira sleeve.Kushanda kwayo kunosvika 3.4 metres, uye kureba kwekushanda i1.36 metres, inokwanisa kugadzira 1250 cubic metres ye organic compost paawa, uye yakashongedzerwa ne akasiyana emisoro yakasarudzika yekucheka, iyo inogona kupwanya uye kugadzirisa manyowa emhando dzakasiyana siyana, kunyanya hunyoro hwepamusoro, mupfudze weviscosity, matope uye zvimwe zvinhu.Zviri nyore kusanganisa zvizere muokisijeni uye nekumhanyisa kuvirisa manyowa.Mukuwedzera, iyo yakazvimirira cockpit ine munda wakanaka wekuona uye yakasununguka ruzivo rwekutyaira.
Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo kana zvaunoda, tapota taura nesu nenzira dzinotevera:
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Nguva yekutumira: Sep-24-2021