Masora kana huswa hwemusango hupenyu hwakatsiga mumhoteredzo yezvisikwa.Isu tinowanzo bvisa sora zvakanyanya sezvinobvira panguva yekurima kana kurima.Asi huswa hunobviswa haungoraswa asi hunogona kuita manyowa akanaka kana wakaitwa mupfudze zvakanaka.Kushandiswa kwesora mufotereza kuita manyowa, inova fetireza yepasi inogadzirwa nemashanga ezvirimwa, huswa, mashizha, marara nezvimwewo, iyo inoiswa manyowa evanhu, manyowa ezvipfuyo, nezvimwewo. Hunhu hwayo ndehwekuti nzira yacho iri nyore, the kunaka kwakanaka, fetiraiza inoshanda yakakwira, uye inogona kuuraya utachiona nemazai.
Zvimiro zvesora compost:
● Fetereza inokonzeresa zvishoma pane inoitwa manyowa emhuka;
● Yakagadzika microbial kusiyana-siyana, isiri nyore kuparadzwa, kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere uye zvipingamupinyi zvinoramba zvichirimwa zvinokonzerwa nekusaenzana kwechinhu, mune izvi, mhedzisiro yacho iri nani pane manyowa composting;
● kuderedza njodzi yekusamera kwembesa;
● Huswa hwomusango hune midzi yakaoma, uye pashure pokunge wanyatsopinda, hunosveta maminerari odzokera pasi;
● Yakakodzera carbon-nitrogen chiyero uye yakatsetseka kuora;
1. Zvishandiso zvekugadzira manyowa
Zvishandiso zvekugadzira compost zvakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu zvichienderana nehunhu hwavo:
The Basic material
Zvinhu zvisiri nyore kuwora, zvakaita semashanga akasiyana siyana, sora, mashizha akadonha, mizambiringa, peat, marara, nezvimwe.
Zvinhu zvinokurudzira kuora
Kazhinji, chinhu chakapfuma mukupisa-kupisa fiber-kuora mabhakitiriya ane yakawanda nitrogen, senge tsvina yemunhu, tsvina, jecha resirika, mupfudze webhiza, mupfudze wemakwai, manyowa ekare, madota echirimwa, lime, nezvimwe.
The Absorbent substance
Kuwedzera zvishoma peat, jecha rakanaka uye shoma shoma ye superphosphate kana phosphate rock powder panguva yekuunganidza inogona kudzivirira kana kuderedza kuparara kwe nitrogen uye kuvandudza kushandiswa kwefetereza ye compost.
2. Kurapa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana musati maita manyowa
Kuti ikurumidze kuora uye kuparara kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinofanira kurapwa zvisati zvaitwa composting.
lmarara anofanirwa kurongwa kuti atore magirazi akapwanyika, matombo, mataira, mapurasitiki, nemamwe marara, kunyanya kudzivirira kusanganiswa kwesimbi dzinorema uye zvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinokuvadza.
lMusimboti, marudzi ese ezvishandiso zvekuunganidzira zviri nani kupwanywa, uye kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubata kunobatsira pakuora, asi kunopedza simba rakawanda uye zviwanikwa zvezvinhu.Kazhinji, masora anochekwa kuita 5-10 cm kureba.
lPazvinhu zvakaoma uye zvine wakisi, sechibage nemhunga, zvine mvura shoma, zviri nani kunyura nemvura yesuweji kana 2% yelime mvura mushure mekupwanya kuti iparadze waxy pamusoro pemashanga, izvo zvinoita kuti mvura itore uye inokurudzira. kuora uye kuora.
lMasora emumvura, nekuda kwekuwanda kwemvura, anofanira kuomeswa zvishoma asati atutira.
3.Sarudzo ye stacking nzvimbo
Nzvimbo yekugadzira manyowa inofanira kusarudza nzvimbo ine nzvimbo yakakwirira, leeward uye kune zuva, padyo nenzvimbo yemvura, uye yakanakira kutakura uye kushandiswa.Kuti zvive nyore zvekufambisa uye kushandiswa, nzvimbo dzekuunganidza dzinogona kuparadzirwa zvakakodzera.Mushure mokunge nzvimbo ye stacking yasarudzwa, ivhu richagadziriswa.
4.Chiyero chechinhu chimwe nechimwe mucompost
Kazhinji, chiyero chemidziyo yekuturika chinenge 500 kilogiramu emhando dzakasiyana dzemashanga, masora, akadonha mashizha, nezvimwewo, kuwedzera 100-150 makirogiramu emupfudze uye weti, uye 50-100 makirogiramu emvura.Kuwanda kwemvura yakawedzerwa kunoenderana nekuoma uye kunyorova kwezvinhu zvakabikwa.kg, kana phosphate rock powder 25-30 kg, superphosphate 5-8 kg, nitrogen fertilizer 4-5 kg.
Kuti kuora uku kukurumidze, mupfudze wemanyurusi kana manyowa ekare, madhaka akadzika pasi pemvura, uye ivhu rakaorera zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuti aore.Asi ivhu harifaniri kunge rakanyanyisa, kuitira kuti rirege kukanganisa kukura uye compost quality.Naizvozvo imwe tsumo yekurima inoti, “Uswa husina dhaka hahuori, uye pasina dhaka, uswa hahubereki”.Izvi zvinonyatsoratidza kuti kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwevhu rakaorera kwete chete kune mhedzisiro yekutora nekuchengetedza fetireza, asiwo kune mhedzisiro yekusimudzira kuparara kweiyo organic matter.
5.Kugadzirwa kwecompost
Waridza dhaka rine hukobvu hunosvika masendimita makumi maviri pamugero wemhepo weyadhi yekuunganidza, ivhu rakatsetseka, kana ivhu retufu semeti yepasi kuti utore fetireza inenge yapindwa, wozoturika zvinhu zvakasanganiswa uye zvakagadziriswa zvakaturikidzana. iva nechokwadi.Womwaya manyowa nemvura pane imwe neimwe layer, wobva wamwaya zvakaenzana zvishoma lime, phosphate rock powder, kana mamwe mafetireza efosfate.Kana kuti inoculate ne high fiber decomposing bacteria.Masora muchikamu chimwe nechimwe uye urea kana ivhu fetiraiza uye gorosi bran kugadzirisa kabhoni-nitrogen ratio inofanira kuwedzerwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hunodiwa kuve nechokwadi chemhando yecompost.
Izvi zvakaturikidzana layer ne layer kusvika yasvika kureba 130-200 cm.Ukobvu hwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kazhinji 30-70 cm.Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro inofanira kuva yakaonda, uye yepakati uye yakadzika mitsara inofanira kunge yakanyanyisa.Huwandu hwemupfudze nemvura inowedzerwa kune yega yega inofanira kunge yakawanda muchikamu chepamusoro uye shoma muchikamu chepasi kuitira kuti ikwanise kuyerera ichidzika uye kugovera kumusoro nekudzika.zvakaenzana.Iyo stack hupamhi uye kureba kwestack zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu uye nyore kushanda.Chimiro chemurwi chinogona kugadzirwa kuita bhinzi rakabikwa kana mamwe maumbirwo.Mushure mekunge murwi wapera, unovharwa ne 6-7 cm gobvu dope rakaonda, ivhu rakanaka, uye firimu rekare repurasitiki, iro rinobatsira kuchengetedza kupisa, kuchengetedza mvura, uye kuchengetedza fetiraiza.
6.Kutarisira manyowa
Kazhinji mushure memazuva matatu kusvika mashanu mushure memurwi, organic matter inotanga kuodzwa netupukanana tuchibudisa kupisa, uye tembiricha yemurwi inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma.Mushure memazuva 7-8, tembiricha yemurwi inokwira zvakanyanya, inosvika 60-70 °C.Basa racho harina simba uye kuparara kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa hazvina kukwana.Naizvozvo, panguva yekumisikidza, hunyoro uye tembiricha inoshanduka munzvimbo dzepamusoro, dzepakati, uye dzakaderera dze stack dzinofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva.
Tinogona kushandisa thermometer yecompost kuona tembiricha yemukati mecompost.Kana usina thermometer yecompost, unogonawo kuisa tsvimbo refu yesimbi mumurwi woisiya kwemaminitsi mashanu!Mushure mekuiburitsa, edza neruoko rwako.Inonzwa kudziya pa30 ℃, inonzwa kupisa kunosvika 40-50 ℃, uye inonzwa kupisa ingangoita 60 ℃.Kuti utarise hunyoro, unogona kutarisa mamiriro akaoma uye akanyorova pamusoro pechikamu chakaiswa chesimbi bar.Kana iri mumamiriro ekunyorova, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemvura hwakakodzera;kana iri mumamiriro akaoma, zvinoreva kuti mvura yakaderera, uye iwe unogona kuita gomba pamusoro pemurwi uye kuwedzera mvura.Kana hunyoro huri mumurwi huchienderana nemhepo, tembiricha inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma mumazuva mashoma ekutanga mushure memurwi, uye inogona kusvika pakakwirira mukati mevhiki.Nzvimbo yepamusoro-yekushisa haifaniri kunge iri pasi pemazuva matatu, uye tembiricha ichaderera zvishoma nezvishoma mushure memazuva gumi.Muchiitiko ichi, shandura murwi kamwe chete mazuva 20-25, shandura chikamu chekunze kusvika pakati, shandura chepakati kusvika kunze, uye wedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hweweti sezvinodiwa kuti udzokorore zvakare kukurudzira kuora.Mushure mekudzokorora zvakare, mushure memamwe mazuva makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu, zvigadzirwa zviri padyo nechiyero chemavara matema, akaora, uye anonhuwa, zvichiratidza kuti zvakaora, uye zvinogona kushandiswa, kana ivhu rekuvhara rinogona kudzvanywa uye kuchengeterwa. kushandiswa gare gare.
7.Kompositi kutendeuka
Kubva pakatanga composting, kutendeuka frequency kunofanirwa kunge kuri:
7 mazuva mushure mekutanga;Mazuva gumi nemana mushure mechipiri;mazuva makumi maviri nerimwe mushure mechitatu;Mwedzi mumwe mushure menguva yechina;kamwe chete pamwedzi mushure maizvozvo.Cherechedza: Mvura inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakanaka kugadzirisa hunyoro kusvika ku50-60% nguva imwe neimwe iyo murwi unoshandurwa.
8. Nzira yekutonga kukura kwecompost
Tapota ona zvinyorwa zvinotevera:
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-11-2022