Chero organic material (misanganiswa ine kabhoni) inoshandiswa sefetireza inonzi organic compost.Saka chii chaizvo chingaite compost?
1. Wedzerai agglomerate chimiro chevhu
Ivhu rakaungana rakaumbwa nevhu rakati wandei rakasungirirwa pamwechete seagglomerate yechimiro chevhu.Diki pores inoumbwa pakati pezviyo zvimwechete uye pores huru inoumbwa pakati peagglomerates.Iwo ma pores madiki anogona kuchengetedza hunyoro uye ma pores makuru anogona kuchengetedza aeration.Ivhu reAgglomerate rinoita kuti midzi ikure zvakanaka uye inokodzera kurima nekukura.Basa reiyo agglomerate chimiro mukubereka kwevhu.
① Inoyananisa mvura nemhepo.
② Inoyananisa kupokana kuri pakati pekushandiswa nekuunganidzwa kwezvinovaka muviri muvhu.
③ inodzikamisa tembiricha yevhu uye inogadzirisa kupisa kwevhu.
④ Inovandudza kurima uye kufambisa kuwedzera kwemidzi yezvirimwa.
2. Kuvandudza kupinza uye kusununguka kwevhu
Mashizha emiti yemichero anosveta mucarbon dioxide uye anofema oxygen;midzi inosveta muokisijeni uye inoburitsa carbon dioxide.Kuita kutenderera kwakajairika kwekudya, midzi yekufema isina kudzika inofanira kuve neokisijeni yakakwana, izvo zvinoda kuti ivhu rive nekusununguka uye kupenya.Kupinda kwevhu kunoenderana nekukura kwezvimedu zvevhu uye kunoenderana nekuwanda kwemvura yevhu, tembiricha, mhepo yemhepo, uye tembiricha yemhepo.Kupinda kwevhu kunozivikanwa zvakare seivhu aeration, kunova kuita kwekutsinhana kwemhepo yevhu nemhepo, kana mwero wekupinda nawo mhepo muvhu.Iyo yakanyatsoenderana nechimiro chevhu, kunyanya kune maitiro epore, uye ivhu rine chikamu chepamusoro chehuwandu hweporosity kana mapores makuru ane kunaka kupenya.Semuyenzaniso, ivhu rakanyatsorongeka rine kupinza kuri nani pane ivhu risina kurongeka zvakanaka;ivhu rejecha riri nani pane ivhu revhu;ivhu rine mwando uri pakati nepakati riri nani pane rakanyorova zvakanyanyisa;ivhu repamusoro riri nani pane pasi pevhu, nezvimwe.
3. Kuvandudza ivhu uye kuenzanisa acidity uye alkalinity
Kusimba kweivhu acidity uye alkalinity inowanzoyerwa nechiyero che acidity uye alkalinity.Ivhu rine acidic uye alkaline nekuti muvhu mune mashoma maion hydrogen uye hydroxide ions.Kana huwandu hwemaioni ehydrogen hwakakura kupfuura huwandu hweiyoni yehydroxide, ivhu rine acidic;ukuwo, ine alkaline;kana zviviri zvakaenzana, haina kwayakarerekera.Ivhu rakawanda muChina rine pH range ye4.5 kusvika 8.5, pH ichiwedzera kubva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kuchamhembe, zvichiita "south acid north alkaline".Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze pakati pekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba kweChina, kumaodzanyemba kwakanyorova uye kunonaya uye ivhu rine acidic, nepo kuchamhembe kwakaoma uye kunonaya uye ivhu rine alkaline.Ivhu rine acidic zvakanyanya kana kuti alkaline yakawandisa inoderedza kushanda kwekudya kwevhu kune madhigirii akasiyana, zvichiita kuti zviome kuumba yakanaka ivhu chimiro uye kuvharidzira zvakanyanya mabasa evhu microorganisms, kukanganisa kukura uye kukura kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana.
4. Kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima
Kuchinja muzvikamu zvikuru zvehupenyu zvemuchero.
1) Hunyoro.Kunze kwechestnuts, walnuts nedzimwe nzungu, nemimwe michero yakaomeswa, mvura yezvibereko zvakawanda ndeye 80% kusvika 90%.
2) shuga, asidhi.Shuga, acid yemukati, uye shuga-asidhi ratio ndizvo zviratidzo zvikuru zvemhando yemuchero.Shuga mumuchero kune glucose, fructose, uye sucrose, starch iripo mudiki muchero wegirini, mhando dzakasiyana dzemichero dzine shuga dzinosiyanawo, dzakadai semazambiringa, maonde, cherries muglucose, fructose yakawanda;mapichisi, plums, apricots mu sucrose kupfuura kuderedza shuga.Organic acids muchero inonyanya malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, apuro, pear, peach kune malic acid, citrus, pomegranate, maonde, citric acid ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, asidhi mumuchero muchero mudiki kana zviri mukati. yakaderera, nekukura kwemuchero uye kunatsiridza, inenge yakura fashoni sekufema substrate uye kuora.
3) pectin.The endogenous chikonzero chekuoma kwemichero ndiyo inosunga simba pakati pemaseru, iyo mechanical simba re cellular constituent material, uye sero rekuwedzera kumanikidzwa, simba rinosunga pakati pemasero rinokonzerwa ne pectin.Immature michero yepakutanga pectin iripo mumadziro ekutanga e pectin layer kuitira kuti maseru abatanidzwe, sezvo muchero uchikura, pasi pekuita kwema enzymes mu soluble pectin uye pectinate, kuitira kuti nyama yemuchero ive yakapfava.Zvinyorwa zve cellulose uye calcium zvine simba guru pakuoma kwechibereko.
4) kunhuwira uye kunhuwa kwechibereko.Kunhuhwirira uye kunhuwa zvinhu zvakakosha pakuona kunaka kwemuchero.Michero yakawanda ine astringent kuravira, kunyanya tannin zvinhu, citrus mukuravira kunovava kwechikamu chikuru ndiringin.Muchero wacho unewo mavhitamini, vhitamini A ndiyo muchero yero ine carotene yakawanda, senge apricot, loquat, persimmon, nezvimwewo, prickly pear, date, Chinese kiwi, sea buckthorn ine huwandu hwakanyanya hwevhitamini C, ine chlorophyll mu chibereko chechidiki chakakwirira, nekukura kwemichero, chiyero chakakwana chakawedzerwa, asi zvinyorwa zvechikamu chehuremu hutsva zvakaderera, peel kupfuura mwoyo wemuchero wakakwirira, rutivi rwezuva rwakakwirira kudarika rutivi rwemashure.
5) kuchinja kwe pigment.Ruvara rwemuchero une chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidin glycosides, uye flavonoids.Chimiro che carotenoids chinonzi tetraterpene (C), kune mazana mashanu emarudzi, aripo mukloroplasts uye plastids, akabatanidzwa nemapuroteni, ane basa rekudzivirira masero kubva pakuparara kwechiedza chakasimba, kana chibereko chaibva, chlorophyll inoderera, uye carotenoids inowedzera.
5. Kupfuma mukudya kwakasiyana siyana
Organic fetiraiza haina chete yakapfuma organic zvinhu uye organic acids, senge humic acid, amino acids, uye xanthic acid, asi zvakare ine akasiyana makuru, epakati, uye trace elements, kunyangwe zvirimo zvakaderera asi zvakazara.Kazhinji, nitrogen yemashizha marefu, phosphorus yemaruva marefu, potasium kune michero yakareba;silicon yemidzi, calcium yezvibereko, magnesium yemashizha, sarufa yekuravira;simbi yemashizha eyero, mhangura yemashizha anodonha, molybdenum yemashizha anotumbuka, zinc yemashizha madiki, boron yemashizha akamonana.
6. Nekugara kwenguva refu
Real Organic fetiraiza haingaparadzwi, uye haigone kunyungudika, nekuti organic fetireza ine zvakawanda zve cellulose uye lignin haigone kunyungudika nemvura, inofanira kunge iri kuburikidza nevhu utachiona hwehutachiona hwekuora, huchishandurwa kuita amino acids uye makabhohaidhiretsi. inotorwa nemidzi yemiti yemichero, iyo inononoka uye inogara kwenguva refu.
7. Nekubudirira
Inopa simba uye chikafu chezviitwa zvevhu microbial, inosimudzira microbial zviitiko, inomhanyisa kuparara kwe organic zvinhu, inoburitsa inoshanda zvinhu, nezvimwewo inogona kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima, kwete kungodya melon inotapira, inodya kunhuhwirira kwegorosi. , zvinonyanya kukosha, kuburikidza nehutachiona hwekuparara kwe organic acids inogona kumisa coil inogadziriswa mumamineral elements inogona kubatwa zvizere uye kushandiswa.
8. Nekuchengetedza mvura
Ruzivo rwekutsvagisa rwakaratidza kuti: mu organic compost humus ine lipids, waxes, uye resin, nekuti mukugadzira ivhu nekuorera kwakanyanya, zvinhu izvi zvinogona kupinda muhuremu hwevhu, zvekuti ive nehydrophobic, ichinetesa nzira yekunyorova kwevhu uye. capillary water movement rate, kuitira kuti kubuda kwehunyoro hwevhu kuderedzwa uye simba rekuchengetedza mvura yevhu rinowedzerwa, nokudaro kuvandudza mamiriro evhu remvura.
Zvidzidzo zve hydrophilicity uye hydrophobicity ye humus zvakaratidza kuti zvinotemerwa nemacheni eparutivi pamicheto yehumic acid molecule, uye kuti kana dhigirii repolymerization yehumic acid molecule iri diki, dhigirii rekuratidzwa kwecheni yedivi. mapoka makuru, uye kuti kune hukama hwakasiyana pakati pavo, nehukama huri pakati pehumic substance uye mvura molecule inogadzirisa, kusvika pamwero wakati, mvura yemvura yezvinhu zvakasikwa.
Chimiro che agglomerate chine hukama ne organic matter zviri muvhu uye huwandu hwe organic compost yakaiswa.Mvura-yakagadzika agglomerate chimiro inovimbisa kusununguka kwevhu repamusoro uye inoita kuti ivhu ripinde.Ichi chimiro chinoratidzwa neakasununguka agglomerates uye yakakura isiri-capillary porosity, iyo inoderedza kureba uye kumhanya kwemvura capillary kufamba muvhu uye inoderedza evaporation yemvura kubva pasi pevhu.Iyo radius yechimiro chezvimedu zvevhu ine zvirinani agglomerate chimiro chakakura kupfuura radius yechimiro chezvimedu zvevhu zvine hurombo hweagglomerate chimiro, nepo kumhanya kwekukwira kumusoro kwemvura capillary kunopesana neradius yechikamu chechimiro.
9. Nekudzivirira
Organic compost ine basa rekupisa uye kudziya, izvo zvinobatsira kumudzi wekumera uye kukura kwemiti yemichero.Iyo compost iri mukuwora ichaburitsa humwe huwandu hwekupisa, kuvandudza tembiricha yevhu, panguva imwe chete, organic fetireza kupisa kugona, kuita kwakanaka kwekudzivirira, kwete nyore kukanganiswa nekutonhora kwekunze uye shanduko yekupisa, chando chechando. kudzivirira, kupisa kwezhizha, izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru kumichero yemuti wemichero inomera, kukura, uye overwintering.
10. Edzai kubereka kwevhu
Soil organic matter ishoko rinowanzoreva zvinhu zviri muvhu zvinobva kuhupenyu.Ivhu organic zvinhu chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chakasimba chevhu uye ndicho chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha zvekudyara kwezvirimwa, kusimudzira kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, kuvandudza hunhu hwevhu, kusimudzira mabasa ezvipenyu zvidiki uye. zvipenyu zvevhu, zvinokurudzira kuparara kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri muvhu uye kunatsiridza mbereko uye basa rekuchengetedza ivhu.Iyo ine hukama hwepedyo nechimiro, aeration, kupinza, uye adsorption zvimiro uye buffering zvimiro zvevhu.Kazhinji, zviri mukati me organic matter zvinodyidzana pamwero wekuorera kwevhu mukati mehumwe huwandu hwemukati, mune mamwe mamiriro akafanana kana akafanana.
Ivhu organic matter content chimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuorera kwevhu, uye organic compost inogona kuwedzera organic matter yevhu.
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Nguva yekutumira: Mar-31-2022